A performing medium for working group graphics
CSCW '86 Proceedings of the 1986 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Computing with text-graphic forms
LFP '80 Proceedings of the 1980 ACM conference on LISP and functional programming
Towards the design of an intrinsically graphical language
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A structure from manipulation for text-graphic objects
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
EMACS: The Extensible, Customizable, Self-Documenting Display Editor
EMACS: The Extensible, Customizable, Self-Documenting Display Editor
The design of a computer language for linguistic information
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
IJCAI'77 Proceedings of the 5th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Transportability and generality in a natural-language interface system
IJCAI'83 Proceedings of the Eighth international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Picture processing grammar and its applications
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A declarative specification and semantics for visual languages
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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In modern user interfaces, graphics play an important role in the communication between human and computer. When a person employs text and graphic objects in communication, those objects have meaning under a system of interpretation, or "visual language." Formal visual languages are ones which have been explicitly designed to be syntactically and semantically unambiguous. The research described in this paper aims at spatially parsing expressions in formal visual languages to recover their underlying syntactic structure. Such "spatial parsing" allows a general purpose graphics editor to be used as a visual language interface, giving the user the freedom to first simply create some text and graphics, and later have the system process those objects under a particular system of interpretation. The task of spatial parsing can be simplified for the interface designer/implementer through the use of visual grammars. For each of the four formal visual languages described in this paper, there is a specifiable set of spatial arrangements of elements for well-formed visual expressions in that language. Visual Grammar Notation is a way to describe those sets of spatial arrangements; the context-free grammars expressed in this notation are not only visual, but also machine-readable, and are used directly to guide the parsing.