An interactive method for accessing tables in HTML
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Building natural language generation systems
Building natural language generation systems
Usability Engineering
Improving the accessibility of aurally rendered HTML tables
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Haptic Graphs for Blind Computer Users
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Haptic Human-Computer Interaction
IV '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization
Describing complex charts in natural language: a caption generation system
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on natural language generation
The audio abacus: representing numerical values with nonspeech sound for the visually impaired
Assets '04 Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Exploring the use of structured musical stimuli to communicate simple diagrams: the role of context
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Automating tactile graphics translation
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Non-visual overviews of complex data sets
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tac-tiles: multimodal pie charts for visually impaired users
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Choosing the content of textual summaries of large time-series data sets
Natural Language Engineering
Using haptic cues to aid nonvisual structure recognition
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Improving accessibility to statistical graphs: the iGraph-Lite system
Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Making Microsoft Excel™: multimodal presentation of charts
Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Visual immersive haptic mathematics
Virtual Reality - Themed Issue on Virtual Reality in Scientific Application
Generating textual summaries of bar charts
INLG '08 Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Conference
Extending plan inference techniques to recognize intentions in information graphics
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
Interactive SIGHT into information graphics
Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
A discourse-aware graph-based content-selection framework
INLG '10 Proceedings of the 6th International Natural Language Generation Conference
Evaluating a tool for improving accessibility to charts and graphs
Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Improving the accessibility of line graphs in multimodal documents
SLPAT '11 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies
Evaluation of touch screen vibration accessibility for blind users
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
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Several solutions, based on aural and haptic feedback, have been developed to enable access to complex on-line and digital information contents for people with visual impairment. Nevertheless, there are several components of widely used software applications that are still beyond the reach of traditional screen readers and Braille displays. This article investigates the nonvisual accessibility issues associated with the graphing component of Microsoft Excel and proposes a novel approach and system. The goal is to provide flexible multi-modal presentation schemes which can help visually impaired users in comprehending the most commonly used two dimensional business charts, demonstrated within the familiar context of Excel charts. The methodology identifies the need for three distinct strategies used in the user interaction with a chart: exploratory, guided, and summarization. These methodologies have been implemented using a multimodal approach, which combines aural cues, speech commentaries, and 3-dimensional haptic feedback. The prototype implementation and the preliminary studies suggest that the multimodality can be effectively realized and users denote preferences in intertwining these methodologies to gain understanding of the content of charts. These methodologies have been implemented in a system, which makes use of the Novint Falcon haptic device and integrated as a plug-in in Microsoft Excel.