Nearest neighbor search: algorithmic perspective

  • Authors:
  • Yury Lifshits

  • Affiliations:
  • Yahoo! Research

  • Venue:
  • SIGSPATIAL Special
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

Nearest Neighbor Search is a task to design a pair of algorithms for the following scenario. A dataset S of n objects is given and preprocessing algorithm is applied. Then a query object q is presented and search algorithm is used to find the nearest to q object in the dataset S. Any solution to Nearest Neighbor Search Problem consists of two parts: a framework and a pair of algorithms. A framework provides a specific formalization of the problem such as object representation, distance (or similarity) function, dataset properties and restrictions, computation cost model, dynamic aspects and solution requirements. There are thousands of possible framework variations. Any practical application can lead to its unique problem formalization. Thus, it is important to have a universal algorithmic toolbox that can be adapted across all existing and future frameworks. In this letter we state four fundamental algorithmic ideas that underly a vast majority of published solutions to Nearest Neighbor Search.