Kernel principal component analysis
Advances in kernel methods
A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Joint Factor Analysis Versus Eigenchannels in Speaker Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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In the last years the speaker recognition field has made extensive use of speaker adaptation techniques. Adaptation allows speaker model parameters to be estimated using less speech data than needed for maximum-likelihood (ML) training. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) and maximum-likelihood linear regression (MLLR) techniques have typically been used for adaptation. Recently, MAP and MLLR adaptation have been incorporated in the feature extraction stage of support vector machine (SVM)-based speaker recognition systems. Two approaches to feature extraction use a SVM to classify either the MAP-adapted Gaussian mean vector parameters (GSV-SVM) or the MLLR transform coefficients (MLLR-SVM). In this paper, we provide an experimental analysis of the GSV-SVM and MLLR-SVM approaches. We largely focus on the latter by exploring constrained and unconstrained transforms and different choices of the acoustic model. A channel-compensated front-end is used to prevent the MLLR transforms to adapt to channel components in the speech data. Additional acoustic models were trained using speaker adaptive training (SAT) to better estimate the speaker MLLR transforms. We provide results on the NIST 2005 and 2006 Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) data and fusion results on the SRE 2006 data. The results show that using the compensated front-end, SAT models and multiple regression classes bring major performance improvements.