Pinpoint: Problem Determination in Large, Dynamic Internet Services
DSN '02 Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Performance debugging for distributed systems of black boxes
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
WAP5: black-box performance debugging for wide-area systems
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Using runtime paths for macroanalysis
HOTOS'03 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 9
Using magpie for request extraction and workload modelling
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
Pip: detecting the unexpected in distributed systems
NSDI'06 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 3
Towards highly reliable enterprise network services via inference of multi-level dependencies
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
ICDCS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 29th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Automating network application dependency discovery: experiences, limitations, and new solutions
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
HotOS'13 Proceedings of the 13th USENIX conference on Hot topics in operating systems
A flexible architecture integrating monitoring and analytics for managing large-scale data centers
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Autonomic computing
Net-cohort: detecting and managing VM ensembles in virtualized data centers
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Autonomic computing
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A common problem experienced in datacenters and utility clouds is the lack of knowledge about the mappings of the services being offered to or run by external users to the sets of virtual machines (VMs) realizing them. This makes it difficult to manage VM ensembles to attain provider goals like minimizing the resources consumed by certain services or reducing the power drawn by datacenter machines. This paper presents the 'Look Who's Talking' (LWT) set of methods and framework for identifying inter-VM dependencies. LWT does not require services to be modified, or middleware or operating systems to be instrumented, but instead, operates in management VMs with privileged access to hypervisor-level information about current machine use. The current implementation of LWT has been integrated into the Xen hypervisor running across a small-scale prototype datacenter, for which experimental measurements show that it can effectively identify dependencies between VMs with an average of 97.15% overall accuracy rate, with zero knowledge of or modifications to applications or workloads and with minimal effect on system performance.