The annotated C++ reference manual
The annotated C++ reference manual
Object oriented design with applications
Object oriented design with applications
Software engineering with formal metrics
Software engineering with formal metrics
Advanced C++ programming styles and idioms
Advanced C++ programming styles and idioms
Object-oriented metrics that predict maintainability
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on object-oriented software
Single versus multiple inheritance in object oriented programming
ACM SIGPLAN OOPS Messenger
Reuse through inheritance: a quantitative study of C++ software
SSR '95 Proceedings of the 1995 Symposium on Software reusability
What every programmer should know about object-oriented design
What every programmer should know about object-oriented design
A Validation of Object-Oriented Design Metrics as Quality Indicators
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
An investigation into coupling measures for C++
ICSE '97 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Software engineering
Object-oriented software construction (2nd ed.)
Object-oriented software construction (2nd ed.)
Effective C++ (2nd ed.): 50 specific ways to improve your programs and designs
Effective C++ (2nd ed.): 50 specific ways to improve your programs and designs
Measuring complexity in C++ application software
Software—Practice & Experience
Managerial Use of Metrics for Object-Oriented Software: An Exploratory Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Another metric suite for object-oriented programming
Journal of Systems and Software
Guest Editor's Special Section Introduction
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
LEDA: a platform for combinatorial and geometric computing
LEDA: a platform for combinatorial and geometric computing
Empirical studies of software engineering: a roadmap
Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering
Exploring the relationship between design measures and software quality in object-oriented systems
Journal of Systems and Software
Coupling measures and change ripples in C++ application software
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on Evaluation and assessment in software engineering
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on Evaluation and assessment in software engineering
Use of friends in C++ software: an empirical investigation
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on empirical studies of software development and evolution
The Confounding Effect of Class Size on the Validity of Object-Oriented Metrics
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Understanding open source software development
Understanding open source software development
An Experimental Comparison of the Maintainability of Object-Orientedand Structured Design Documents
Empirical Software Engineering
An Investigation into the Applicability and Validity ofObject-Oriented Design Metrics
Empirical Software Engineering
Empirical Software Engineering
A Metrics Suite for Object Oriented Design
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An Empirical Investigation of an Object-Oriented Software System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Predicting Fault-Proneness using OO Metrics: An Industrial Case Study
CSMR '02 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Comprehensive Empirical Validation of Design Measures for Object-Oriented Systems
METRICS '98 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Software Metrics
Coupling Metrics for Object-Oriented Design
METRICS '98 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Software Metrics
An Overview of Object-Oriented Design Metrics
STEP '97 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Software Technology and Engineering Practice (STEP '97) (including CASE '97)
Architectural Level Hypothesis Testing through Reverse Engineering of Object-Oriented Software
IWPC '00 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Program Comprehension
Empirical Software Engineering
An Empirical Study of the Use of Friends in C++ Software
IWPC '05 Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Program Comprehension
Empirical Validation of Object-Oriented Metrics on Open Source Software for Fault Prediction
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Software Structure Metrics Based on Information Flow
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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The friend mechanism is widely used in C++ software even though the potential benefits of its use are disputed and little is known about when, where and why it is employed in practice. Furthermore, there is limited empirical analysis of its impact in object-oriented software, with only one study (Counsell and Newson, 2000) reported at journal level. This paper aims to add to the empirical evidence of friendship's impact by replicating Counsell and Newson (2000)'s original study. The study's design is refined to improve the construct validity of the evaluation and a larger cohort of systems is used to improve the generalisability of the results. The findings suggest that classes involved in friendship are coupling hotspots and that there is no link between inheritance and friendship, contrary to the findings presented in Counsell and Newson (2000). The findings also suggest that the use of friends in a class is independent of the number of hidden members in a class.