Building a large annotated corpus of English: the penn treebank
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles
Computational Linguistics
The CoNLL-2009 shared task: syntactic and semantic dependencies in multiple languages
CoNLL '09 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning: Shared Task
Using parallel PropBanks to enhance word-alignments
ACL-IJCNLP '09 Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop
Transition-based semantic role labeling using predicate argument clustering
RELMS '11 Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Workshop on Relational Models of Semantics
Multilingual joint parsing of syntactic and semantic dependencies with a latent variable model
Computational Linguistics
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This paper describes the retrieval of correct semantic boundaries for predicate-argument structures annotated by dependency structure. Unlike phrase structure, in which arguments are annotated at the phrase level, dependency structure does not have phrases so the argument labels are associated with head words instead: the subtree of each head word is assumed to include the same set of words as the annotated phrase does in phrase structure. However, at least in English, retrieving such subtrees does not always guarantee retrieval of the correct phrase boundaries. In this paper, we present heuristics that retrieve correct phrase boundaries for semantic arguments, called semantic boundaries, from dependency trees. By applying heuristics, we achieved an F1-score of 99.54% for correct representation of semantic boundaries. Furthermore, error analysis showed that some of the errors could also be considered correct, depending on the interpretation of the annotation.