Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Creating Efficient Codebooks for Visual Recognition
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
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Due to the increasing flood of digital images and the overall increase of storage capacity, large scale image databases are common these days. This work deals with the problem of finding replicas in image databases containing more than 100000 images. A clustering algorithm is developed that has linear runtime and can be carried out in parallel. We observe that with increasing size of the database, the problem of decreasing discrimination between high frequency images arises. Features of images with natural repetitive texture become similar to other images and show up in most of the search results. This problem is addressed by developing an asymmetric Hamming distance measurement for bags of visual words. It allows better discrimination power in large databases, while being robust to image transformations such as rotation, cropping, or change of resolution and size.