Globally Distributed Content Delivery
IEEE Internet Computing
Traffic matrix estimation: existing techniques and new directions
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Dynamics of hot-potato routing in IP networks
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Content Delivery Networks: Status and Trends
IEEE Internet Computing
I tube, you tube, everybody tubes: analyzing the world's largest user generated content video system
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Youtube traffic characterization: a view from the edge
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Measuring and evaluating large-scale CDNs Paper withdrawn at Mirosoft's request
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Analyzing video services in Web 2.0: a global perspective
Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Anycast-aware transport for content delivery networks
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
Moving beyond end-to-end path information to optimize CDN performance
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Understanding data-center driven content distribution
Proceedings of the ACM CoNEXT Student Workshop
Greening geographical load balancing
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Greening geographical load balancing
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review - Performance evaluation review
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review - Performance evaluation review
Pytomo: a tool for analyzing playback quality of YouTube videos
Proceedings of the 23rd International Teletraffic Congress
Proceedings of the 2011 International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Complex Networks
YouTube everywhere: impact of device and infrastructure synergies on user experience
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Counting YouTube videos via random prefix sampling
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
A practical solution to the client-LDNS mismatch problem
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Anatomy of a large european IXP
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Anatomy of a large european IXP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special october issue SIGCOMM '12
Jetway: minimizing costs on inter-datacenter video traffic
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Tradeoffs in CDN designs for throughput oriented traffic
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
Analyzing the impact of YouTube delivery policies on user experience
Proceedings of the 24th International Teletraffic Congress
Internet video delivery in youtube: from traffic measurements to quality of experience
DataTraffic Monitoring and Analysis
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In this paper we conduct an extensive and in-depth study of traffic exchanged between YouTube data centers and its users, as seen from the perspective of a tier-1 ISP in Spring 2008 after YouTube was acquired by Google but before Google did any major restructuring of YouTube. Using flow-level data collected at multiple PoPs of the ISP, we first infer where the YouTube data centers are located and where they are connected to the ISP. We then deduce the load balancing strategy used by YouTube to service user requests, and investigate how load balancing strategies and routing policies affect the traffic dynamics across YouTube and the tier-1 ISP. The major contributions of the paper are four-fold: (1) we discover the surprising fact that YouTube does not consider the geographic locations of its users at all while serving video content. Instead, it employs a location-agnostic, proportional load balancing strategy among its data centers to service user requests from all geographies; (2) we perform in-depth analysis of the PoP-level YouTube traffic matrix as seen by the ISP, and investigate how it is shaped by the YouTube load balancing strategy and routing policies utilized by both YouTube and the ISP; (3) with such knowledge, we develop a novel method to estimate unseen traffic (i.e. traffic that is carried outside the ISP network) so as to "complete" the traffic matrix between YouTube data centers and users from the customer ASes of the ISP; and 4) we explore "what if" scenarios by assessing the pros and cons of alternative load balancing and routing policies. Our study sheds light on the interesting and important interplay between large content providers and ISPs in today's Internet.