Phase-only correlation based matching in scrambled domain for preventing illegal matching

Authors:
Izumi Ito;Hitoshi Kiya
Affiliations:
Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hino-shi, Tokyo, Japan;Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
Venue:
Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security V
Year:
2010

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Abstract

We herein propose an image matching in the scrambled domain for preventing illegal image matching, which is defined as a malicious and intentional act conducted in order to deduce the content of images. The phase of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients of images is scrambled for visual protection. In addition, the magnitude of DFT coefficients is scrambled for preventing illegal image matching. Phase-only correlation (POC) or phase correlation can be applied directly to images in the scrambled domain for alignment and similarity. The accuracy of POC in the scrambled domain is the same as that in the non-scrambled domain. Simulations are presented to confirm the appropriateness and effectiveness of the proposed scrambling.