Cyc: toward programs with common sense
Communications of the ACM
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
{\cal A}{\cal L}-log: Integrating Datalog and Description Logics
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Conceptual Information Processing
Conceptual Information Processing
Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference: The Dendral Project
Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference: The Dendral Project
History of programming languages---II
Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence)
The Quest for Artificial Intelligence
The Quest for Artificial Intelligence
Theory and Practice of Logic Programming
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The issue of knowledge representation has been one of the main problems of artificial intelligence since its first attempts at automated reasoning. Two streams of the evolution of knowledge representation tools may be observed. The first one, developed mainly at academia, results in theoretically sound, but usually inefficient systems. The second one, related to software developers, puts high emphasis on pragmatism and often remains resistant to adopting new results of the theoretical research. None of them has achieved the goal of developing a satisfactory solution, yet. Since over the last few years knowledge representation has gained more attention, particularly in the context of the Semantic Web, it seems reasonable to make a short review of the evolution of knowledge representation systems.