End-to-end routing behavior in the Internet
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
End-to-end routing behavior in the Internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A quantitative comparison of graph-based models for Internet topology
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Stability issues in OSPF routing
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
End-to-end routing behavior in the internet
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
INFOCOM'96 Proceedings of the Fifteenth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies conference on The conference on computer communications - Volume 2
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a dynamic, hierarchical routing protocol designed to support routing in TCP/IP networks. A simulation of the OSPF Election Protocol shows three results: (1) The Designated Router (DR) can be elected in constant time. (2) If a router has a limited number of input buffers, a competition for buffers between the Election and the Flooding Protocols increases the election time and causes an oscillatory behavior.At each router, the Router-ID of the DR continuously changes causing instability. (3) In the worst case, when the DR and the BDR fail at the same time, the DR-agreement-time is bounded above by twice the HelloInterval. A simulation of the OSPF Flooding Protocol, using 20, 50 and 80 router point-to-point networks, shows three results: (1) For the 50 router network, as link speed exceeds 4000 Kbps, the probability of overflowing the input buffers increases causing retransmissions. The increase in bootup-convergence-time from retransmissions is bounded by two and three times the RxmtInterval for link speeds of 4000 to 6000 Kbps and above 50 Mbps respectively. The increase in the bootup-convergence-time is due to large number of unacknowledged flooding packets received within RxmtInterval. (2) For 20 and 50 router networks, the input buffer size has little impact on the bootup-convergence-time. For the 80 router network, a small change in the input buffer size drastically changes the bootup-convergence-time. (3) Reducing the value of the RxmtInterval lowers the bootup-convergence-time at high link speeds.