Attacks on Copyright Marking Systems
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Information Hiding
Second Generation Benchmarking and Application Oriented Evaluation
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Image quality assessment based on a degradation model
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An SVD-based grayscale image quality measure for local and global assessment
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper, we propose a new statistical approach to investigate the performance of some objective quality metrics used in the literature in order to determine the most suitable quality metric for watermark transparency evaluation. To this end, we have defined a new procedure based on the ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance) tests and the subjective performance evaluation. Firstly, a set of selected quality metrics is statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA technique to identify the specific metric that provides the best discrimination to watermarking artifacts. So, the obtained results will answer the question: "which metrics are sensitive to watermarking artifacts?" Secondly, subjective tests were performed and some correlation measures between MOS (Mean Opinion Score) and each quality metric are computed. It is clear that the best quality metric is the one that provides the best consistency with subjective experiments. Results from both objective and subjective investigations were discussed to give some concluding remarks. All conclusions drawn in the paper are supported by extensive experiments in terms of used quality metrics, watermarking algorithms and image database.