Automated nonlinear feature generation and classification of foot pressure lesions

Authors:
Tingting Mu;Todd C. Pataky;Andrew H. Findlow;Min S. H. Aung;John Yannis Goulermas
Affiliations:
National Centre for Text Mining, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;Centre for Rehabilitation and Human Performance Research, Salford University, Salford, UK;Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Venue:
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine - Special section on affective and pervasive computing for healthcare
Year:
2010

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Abstract

Plantar lesions induced by biomechanical dysfunction pose a considerable socioeconomic health care challenge, and failure to detect lesions early can have significant effects on patient prognoses. Most of the previous works on plantar lesion identification employed the analysis of biomechanical microenvironment variables like pressure and thermal fields. This paper focuses on foot kinematics and applies kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for nonlinear dimensionality reduction of features, followed by Fisher's linear discriminant analysis for the classification of patients with different types of foot lesions, in order to establish an association between foot motion and lesion formation. Performance comparisons aremade using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results show that the proposed method can lead to~ 94% correct classification rates, with a reduction of feature dimensionality from 2100 to 46, without any manual preprocessing or elaborate feature extraction methods. The results imply that foot kinematics contain information that is highly relevant to pathology classification and also that the nonlinear KPCA approach has considerable power in unraveling abstract biomechanical features into a relatively low-dimensional pathology-relevant space.