Low power soft-output signal detector design for wireless MIMO communication systems
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Probabilistic spherical detection and VLSI implementation for multiple-antenna systems
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
High-throughput and area-efficient MIMO symbol detection based on modified Dijkstra's search
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
On the sphere-decoding algorithm I. Expected complexity
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part I
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part I
A QRD-M/Kalman filter-based detection and channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Diversity and multiplexing: a fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
IEEE Communications Magazine
Algorithm and implementation of the K-best sphere decoding for MIMO detection
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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This paper proposes a new K-best detection method that is efficient in area and energy consumption. To reduce the complexity required in tree expansion and sorting, some children of a candidate are not expanded if they are estimated as inferior ones, and they are not considered in the sorting. In addition, we propose an efficient pipeline scheduling called early forwarding to reduce the overall processing latency and the number of pipeline registers. Employing the relaxed expansion and the early forwarding makes it possible to reduce chip area and power consumption as well as latency. Targeting 4 × 4 16 quadrature amplitude modulation systems, a multiple-input-multiple-output detector integrating four K-best detection units is implemented to validate the proposed method. The four units are operating in an interleaved manner to achieve high throughput. In a 0.18-µm CMOS technology, the entire detector occupies 1.9 mm2 and shows a throughput of 584 Mbits/s. The energy consumed in the proposed detector is 443 pJ per bit at 1.8 V.