Recent approaches to global optimization problems through Particle Swarm Optimization
Natural Computing: an international journal
A species conserving genetic algorithm for multimodal function optimization
Evolutionary Computation
Designing evolutionary algorithms for dynamic optimization problems
Advances in evolutionary computing
Particle swarms and population diversity
Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications
Swarms in dynamic environments
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartI
The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in amultidimensional complex space
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Multiswarms, exclusion, and anti-convergence in dynamic environments
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm for dynamic environments
ICSI'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in swarm intelligence - Volume Part I
An algorithm comparison for dynamic optimization problems
Applied Soft Computing
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The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has successfully been applied to dynamic optimization problems with very competitive results. One of its best performing variants is the one based on the atomic model, with quantum and trajectory particles. However, there is no precise knowledge on how these particles contribute to the global behavior of the swarms during the optimization process. This work analyzes several aspects of each type of particle, including the best combination of them for different scenarios, and how many times do they contribute to the swarm's best. Results show that, for the Moving Peaks Benchmark (MPB), a higher number of trajectory particles than quantum particles is the best strategy. Quantum particles are most helpful immediately after a change in the environment has occurred, while trajectory particles lead the optimization in the final stages. Suggestions on how to use this knowledge for future developments are also provided.