Finite fields
Efficient Algorithms for Pairing-Based Cryptosystems
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Optimal Extension Fields for Fast Arithmetic in Public-Key Algorithms
CRYPTO '98 Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Constructing Brezing-Weng Pairing-Friendly Elliptic Curves Using Elements in the Cyclotomic Field
Pairing '08 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Pairing-Based Cryptography
Endomorphisms for Faster Elliptic Curve Cryptography on a Large Class of Curves
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Efficient and generalized pairing computation on Abelian varieties
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A Taxonomy of Pairing-Friendly Elliptic Curves
Journal of Cryptology
Constructing elliptic curves with prescribed embedding degrees
SCN'02 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Security in communication networks
Pairing-Based cryptography at high security levels
IMA'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Cryptography and Coding
Pairing-Friendly elliptic curves of prime order
SAC'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Implementing cryptographic pairings over barreto-naehrig curves
Pairing'07 Proceedings of the First international conference on Pairing-Based Cryptography
Delaying mismatched field multiplications in pairing computations
WAIFI'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Arithmetic of finite fields
An analysis of affine coordinates for pairing computation
Pairing'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Pairing-based cryptography
Designing a code generator for pairing based cryptographic functions
Pairing'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Pairing-based cryptography
A family of implementation-friendly BN elliptic curves
Journal of Systems and Software
Faster explicit formulas for computing pairings over ordinary curves
EUROCRYPT'11 Proceedings of the 30th Annual international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques: advances in cryptology
On the efficient implementation of pairing-based protocols
IMACC'11 Proceedings of the 13th IMA international conference on Cryptography and Coding
Attractive subfamilies of BLS curves for implementing high-security pairings
INDOCRYPT'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Cryptology in India
SMSCrypto: A lightweight cryptographic framework for secure SMS transmission
Journal of Systems and Software
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A cryptographic pairing evaluates as an element of a finite extension field, and the evaluation itself involves a considerable amount of extension field arithmetic. It is recognised that organising the extension field as a "tower" of subfield extensions has many advantages. Here we consider criteria that apply when choosing the best towering construction, and the associated choice of irreducible polynomials for the implementation of pairing-based cryptosystems. We introduce a method for automatically constructing efficient towers for more classes of finite fields than previous methods, some of which allow faster arithmetic. We also show that for some families of pairing-friendly elliptic curves defined over Fp there are a large number of instances for which an efficient tower extension Fpk is given immediately if the parameter defining the prime characteristic of the field satisfies a few easily checked equivalences.