Shortest path first with emergency exits
SIGCOMM '90 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Communications architectures & protocols
End-to-end routing behavior in the Internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Delayed Internet routing convergence
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Route oscillations in I-BGP with route reflection
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Detection and analysis of routing loops in packet traces
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Measuring the effects of internet path faults on reactive routing
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A Study of BGP Path Vector Route Looping Behavior
ICDCS '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'04)
The impact of BGP dynamics on intra-domain traffic
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Combining routing and traffic data for detection of IP forwarding anomalies
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Achieving sub-50 milliseconds recovery upon BGP peering link failures
CoNEXT '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM conference on Emerging network experiment and technology
On Understanding of Transient Interdomain Routing Failures
ICNP '05 Proceedings of the 13TH IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
OSPF monitoring: architecture, design and deployment experience
NSDI'04 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 1
Failure insensitive routing for ensuring service availability
IWQoS'03 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Quality of service
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During the routing convergence processes of BGP system, the end-to-end reachability can be temporarily disrupted due to transient routing failures or loops in the forwarding paths. This could lead to severe performance degradation and even service disruption, especially for the real-time interactive applications. In this paper, we explore feasible modifications of BGP to eliminate transient routing failures and loops. First, we find that the existing BGP convergence acceleration solutions, such as ghost-flushing and EPIC, can eliminate transient forwarding loops but exacerbate transient routing failures. Then we propose an indicative re-routing scheme, which enable BGP to piggyback an indicator of alternative paths with each route, to improve route visibility and thus eliminate transient routing failures. However, we find that it might worsen transient forwarding loops at the same time. Finally, we exploit the synergy of the combination of the two types of schemes and propose an indicative+EPIC rerouting scheme. It is found capable of eliminating both transient forwarding failures and loops.