IPSec: The New Security Standard for the Internet, Intranets, and Virtual Private Networks
IPSec: The New Security Standard for the Internet, Intranets, and Virtual Private Networks
Performance analysis of TLS Web servers
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Open Source Mobile VPNs over Converged All-IP Networks
Journal of Network and Systems Management
IPSEC vs SSL: VPN technology: IPSEC vs SSL
Network Security
PCTCP: per-circuit TCP-over-IPsec transport for anonymous communication overlay networks
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
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Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a widely deployed mechanism for implementing Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). This paper evaluates the performance overheads associated with IPSec. We use Openswan, an open source implementation of IPSec, and measure the running times of individual security operations and also the speedup gained by replacing various IPSec components with no-ops. The main findings of this study include: VPN connection establishment and maintenance overheads for short sessions could be significantly higher than those incurred while transferring data, and cryptographic operations contribute 32-60% of the total IPSec overheads.