Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Politics as Usual
Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics
Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics
Local election blogs: Networking among the political elite
Information Polity
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In the last decade or so the influence of the new information and communication technologies has received increasing attention in studies on election campaigning. However, little has been done to link the influence of ICTs on campaigning with the extensive literature on the impact of technology on society. My main concern in this paper is to relate a discussion of technological influence on society to a discussion of campaign change. In so doing I emphasize that the influence of new media technology is constrained by countervailing forces that restrain and shape the effects. Furthermore I argue that such countervailing forces will differ from one political system to the next depending on the features of the campaign environment. Hence, I relate the influence of technology in general and the influence of the new ICTs in particular to the hybridization perspective of campaign change, and discuss the influence of technology on the essential features of the so called third stage of campaigning in this perspective. I argue that new technologies shape and are shaped in interplay with existing campaign practices and traditions - maintaining distinct national patterns of campaigning.