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Providing a powerful synchronization system is one of the most important goals to be pursued if an efficient utilization of WSN has to be addressed. This paper evaluates several classic time synchronization protocols based on clock model, and presents the sources of error on the basis of their elements. In detail, firefly algorithm achieves synchronization via a series of pulses emitted by pulse-coupled oscillators. The conclusions provide some reference for future study of improving the synchronization accuracy and efficiency.