Heterogeneity-aware resource allocation and scheduling in the cloud
HotCloud'11 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
MARLA: MapReduce for Heterogeneous Clusters
CCGRID '12 Proceedings of the 2012 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (ccgrid 2012)
HAT: history-based auto-tuning MapReduce in heterogeneous environments
The Journal of Supercomputing
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Next generation data centers will be composed of thousands of hybrid systems in an attempt to increase overall cluster performance and to minimize energy consumption. New programming models, such as MapReduce, specifically designed to make the most of very large infrastructures will be leveraged to develop massively distributed services. At the same time, data centers will bring an unprecedented degree of workload consolidation, hosting in the same infrastructure distributed services from many different users. In this paper we present our advancements in leveraging the Adaptive MapReduce Scheduler to meet user defined high level performance goals while transparently and efficiently exploiting the capabilities of hybrid systems. While the Adaptive Scheduler was already able to dynamically allocate resources to co-located MapReduce jobs based on their completion time goals, it was completely unaware of specific hardware capabilities. In our work we describe the changes introduced in the Adaptive Scheduler to enable it with hardware awareness and with the ability to co-schedule accelerable and non-accelerable jobs on the same heterogeneous MapReduce cluster, making the most of the underlying hybrid systems. The developed prototype is tested in a cluster of Cell/BE blades and relies on the use of accelerated and non-accelerated versions of the MapReduce tasks of different deployed applications to dynamically select the best version to run on each node. Decisions are made after workload composition and jobs' completion time goals. Results show that the augmented Adaptive Scheduler provides dynamic resource allocation across jobs, hardware affinity when possible, and is even able to spread jobs' tasks across accelerated and non-accelerated nodes in order to meet performance goals in extreme conditions. To our knowledge this is the first MapReduce scheduler and prototype that is able to manage high-level performance goals even in presence of hybrid systems and accelerable jobs.