Classification of fingerprint images to real vs. spoof
International Journal of Biometrics
Note: Distances between sets based on set commonality
Discrete Applied Mathematics
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This paper studies the amount of distinctive information contained in a privacy protecting and compact template of a retinal image created from the locations of crossings and bifurcations in the choroidal vasculature, otherwise called feature points. Using a training set of 20 different retina, we build a template generator that simulates one million imposter comparisons and computes the number of imposter retina comparisons that successfully matched at various thresholds. The template entropy thus computed was used to validate a theoretical model of imposter comparisons. The simulator and the model both estimate that 20 bits of entropy can be achieved by the feature point-based template. Our results reveal the distinctiveness of feature point-based retinal templates, hence establishing their potential as a biometric identifier for high security and memory intensive applications.