Spam mitigation using spatio-temporal reputations from blacklist history

  • Authors:
  • Andrew G. West;Adam J. Aviv;Jian Chang;Insup Lee

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA;University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA;University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA;University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

IP blacklists are a spam filtering tool employed by a large number of email providers. Centrally maintained and well regarded, blacklists can filter 80+% of spam without having to perform computationally expensive content-based filtering. However, spammers can vary which hosts send spam (often in intelligent ways), and as a result, some percentage of spamming IPs are not actively listed on any blacklist. Blacklists also provide a previously untapped resource of rich historical information. Leveraging this history in combination with spatial reasoning, this paper presents a novel reputation model (PreSTA), designed to aid in spam classification. In simulation on arriving email at a large university mail system, PreSTA is capable of classifying up to 50% of spam not identified by blacklists alone, and 93% of spam on average (when used in combination with blacklists). Further, the system is consistent in maintaining this blockage-rate even during periods of decreased blacklist performance. PreSTA is scalable and can classify over 500,000 emails an hour. Such a system can be implemented as a complementary blacklist service or used as a first-level filter or prioritization mechanism on an email server.