On power-law relationships of the Internet topology
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Heuristically Optimized Trade-Offs: A New Paradigm for Power Laws in the Internet
ICALP '02 Proceedings of the 29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
Near-optimal network design with selfish agents
Proceedings of the thirty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Internet connectivity at the AS-level: an optimization-driven modeling approach
MoMeTools '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Models, methods and tools for reproducible network research
An empirical evaluation of wide-area internet bottlenecks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Strategic Network Formation through Peering and Service Agreements
FOCS '06 Proceedings of the 47th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Graph evolution: Densification and shrinking diameters
ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD)
An empirical approach to modeling inter-AS traffic matrices
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Internet economics: the use of Shapley value for ISP settlement
CoNEXT '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference
In search of the elusive ground truth: the internet's as-level connectivity structure
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
An integrated model of traffic, geography and economy in the internet
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Ten years in the evolution of the internet ecosystem
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
On cooperative settlement between content, transit and eyeball internet service providers
CoNEXT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
An agent-based model for the evolution of the internet ecosystem
COMSNETS'09 Proceedings of the First international conference on COMmunication Systems And NETworks
The flattening internet topology: natural evolution, unsightly barnacles or contrived collapse?
PAM'08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Passive and active network measurement
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
Let the market drive deployment: a strategy for transitioning to BGP security
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
On blind mice and the elephant: understanding the network impact of a large distributed system
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
CIPT: using tuangou to reduce IP transit costs
Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies
Topological trends of internet content providers
Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop on Simplifying Complex Networks for Practitioners
A history of an internet exchange point
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Workshop on internet economics (WIE2011) report
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Optimal Location of Data Centers and Software Components in Cloud Computing Network Design
CCGRID '12 Proceedings of the 2012 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (ccgrid 2012)
CloudGPS: a scalable and ISP-friendly server selection scheme in cloud computing environments
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Quality of Service
Measuring the evolution of internet peering agreements
IFIP'12 Proceedings of the 11th international IFIP TC 6 conference on Networking - Volume Part II
Obscure giants: detecting the provider-free ASes
IFIP'12 Proceedings of the 11th international IFIP TC 6 conference on Networking - Volume Part II
Anatomy of a large european IXP
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Anatomy of a large european IXP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special october issue SIGCOMM '12
IXP traffic: a macroscopic view
Proceedings of the 7th Latin American Networking Conference
Sharing the cost of backbone networks: cui bono?
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference
Implications of source routing
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on CoNEXT student workshop
Modeling dynamic behavior in large evolving graphs
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
BGP-XM: BGP eXtended Multipath for transit Autonomous Systems
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Dasu: pushing experiments to the internet's edge
nsdi'13 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
AS relationships, customer cones, and validation
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference
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Recent measurements and anecdotal evidence indicate that the Internet ecosystem is rapidly evolving from a multi-tier hierarchy built mostly with transit (customer-provider) links to a dense mesh formed with mostly peering links. This transition can have major impact on the global Internet economy as well as on the traffic flow and topological structure of the Internet. In this paper, we study this evolutionary transition with an agent-based network formation model that captures key aspects of the interdomain ecosystem, viz., interdomain traffic flow and routing, provider and peer selection strategies, geographical constraints, and the economics of transit and peering interconnections. The model predicts several substantial differences between the Hierarchical Internet and the Flat Internet in terms of topological structure, path lengths, interdomain traffic flow, and the profitability of transit providers. We also quantify the effect of the three factors driving this evolutionary transition. Finally, we examine a hypothetical scenario in which a large content provider produces more than half of the total Internet traffic.