IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Exposing digital forgeries in video by detecting double MPEG compression
MM&Sec '06 Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security
Defending against statistical steganalysis
SSYM'01 Proceedings of the 10th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 10
Exposing digital forgeries in video by detecting double quantization
Proceedings of the 11th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Proceedings of the 11th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Exposing digital forgeries from JPEG ghosts
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Statistical tools for digital forensics
IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
Detection of Double-Compression in JPEG Images for Applications in Steganography
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Crop detection through blocking artefacts analysis
ICIAP'11 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Image analysis and processing: Part I
MiFor '11 Proceedings of the 3rd international ACM workshop on Multimedia in forensics and intelligence
Anti-Forensics of double JPEG compression detection
IWDW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Digital-Forensics and Watermarking
Distortion function designing for JPEG steganography with uncompressed side-image
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information hiding and multimedia security
Computationally Efficient Formulation of Sparse Color Image Recovery in the JPEG Compressed Domain
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
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Detection of double joint photographic experts group (JPEG) compression is of great significance in the field of digital forensics. Some successful approaches have been presented for detecting double JPEG compression when the primary compression and the secondary compression have different quantization matrixes. However, when the primary compression and the secondary compression have the same quantization matrix, no detection method has been reported yet. In this paper, we present a method which can detect double JPEG compression with the same quantization matrix. Our algorithm is based on the observation that in the process of recompressing a JPEG image with the same quantization matrix over and over again, the number of different JPEG coefficients, i.e., the quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients between the sequential two versions will monotonically decrease in general. For example, the number of different JPEG coefficients between the singly and doubly compressed images is generally larger than the number of different JPEG coefficients between the corresponding doubly and triply compressed images. Via a novel random perturbation strategy implemented on the JPEG coefficients of the recompressed test image, we can find a "proper" randomly perturbed ratio. For different images, this universal "proper" ratio will generate a dynamically changed threshold, which can be utilized to discriminate the singly compressed image and doubly compressed image. Furthermore, our method has the potential to detect triple JPEG compression, four times JPEG compression, etc.