Constellation Shaping for Bandwidth-Efficient Turbo-Coded Modulation With Iterative Receiver
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Multilevel codes: theoretical concepts and practical design rules
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A new multilevel coding method using error-correcting codes
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Bandwidth-efficient turbo trellis-coded modulation using punctured component codes
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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We propose a multiple-candidate shaping technique for turbo coded modulation systems. Shaping gains are obtained by encoding each message into multiple turbo coded modulation sequences, called candidates, and then selecting the candidate with the lowest energy for transmission. Multiple candidates are generated by adding various scrambling sequences to each message sequence. The proposed shaping technique can also be applied to turbo coded modulation systems equipped with some other shaping methods to obtain additional shaping gains.