A framework for using self-organising maps to analyse spatio-temporal patterns, exemplified by analysis of mobile phone usage

  • Authors:
  • Gennady Andrienko;Natalia Andrienko;Peter Bak;Sebastian Bremm;Daniel Keim;Tatiana von Landesberger;Christian Politz;Tobias Schreck

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Bonn and Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany;University of Bonn and Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany;University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany;University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany,Fraunhofer IGD, Darmstadt, Germany;University of Bonn and Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin 53754, Germany;Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Location Based Services - GeoVA(t) - Geospatial visual analytics: focus on time. Special issue of the ICA Commission on GeoVisualisation
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

We suggest a visual analytics framework for the exploration and analysis of spatially and temporally referenced values of numeric attributes. The framework supports two complementary perspectives on spatio-temporal data: as a temporal sequence of spatial distributions of attribute values (called spatial situations) and as a set of spatially referenced time series of attribute values representing local temporal variations. To handle a large amount of data, we use the self-organising map (SOM) method, which groups objects and arranges them according to similarity of relevant data features. We apply the SOM approach to spatial situations and to local temporal variations and obtain two types of SOM outcomes, called space-in-time SOM and time-in-space SOM, respectively. The examination and interpretation of both types of SOM outcomes are supported by appropriate visualisation and interaction techniques. This article describes the use of the framework by an example scenario of data analysis. We also discuss how the framework can be extended from supporting explorative analysis to building predictive models of the spatio-temporal variation of attribute values. We apply our approach to phone call data showing its usefulness in real-world analytic scenarios.