The beginnings of operations research in the United States
Operations Research
British operational research in World War II
Operations Research
The beginnings of operations research: 1934-1941
Operations Research
U. S. operations research in world war II
Operations Research
War and Peace: The First 25 Years of or in Great Britain
Operations Research
An Annotated Timeline of Operations Research: An Informal History (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science)
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
SAGE-A Data Processing System for Air Defense
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
History of the Design of the SAGE Computer-The AN/FSQ-7
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
The OR/MS Ecosystem: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Operations Research
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This paper has two aims. First, to present cases in which scientists developed a defensive system for their homeland: Blackett and the air defense of Britain in WWII, Forrester and the SAGE system for North America in the Cold War, and Archimedes' work defending Syracuse during the Second Punic War. In each case the historical context and the individual's other achievements are outlined, and a description of the contribution's relationship to OR/MS is given. The second aim is to consider some of the features the cases share and examine them in terms of contemporary OR/MS methodology. Particular reference is made to a recent analysis of the field's strengths and weaknesses. This allows both a critical appraisal of the field and a set of potential responses for strengthening it. Although a mixed set of lessons arise, the overall conclusion is that the cases are examples to build on and that OR/MS retains the ability to do high stakes work.