Synchronized Disk Interleaving
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Multi-disk management algorithms
SIGMETRICS '87 Proceedings of the 1987 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An Evaluation of Multiple-Disk I/O Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Parity striping of disc arrays: low-cost reliable storage with acceptable throughput
Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Very large databases
Performance analysis of disk arrays under failure
Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Very large databases
An evaluation of redundant arrays of disks using an Amdahl 5890
SIGMETRICS '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Parity declustering for continuous operation in redundant disk arrays
ASPLOS V Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Maximizing performance in a striped disk array
ISCA '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
VAX I/O Subsystems: Optimizing Performance
VAX I/O Subsystems: Optimizing Performance
Chained Declustering: A New Availability Strategy for Multiprocessor Database Machines
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Data Engineering
VLDB '88 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Hot mirroring: a method of hiding parity update penalty and degradation during rebuilds for RAID5
SIGMOD '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Automatic Recovery from Disk Failure in Continuous-Media Servers
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
A high performance data integrity assurance based on the determinant technique
Future Generation Computer Systems
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Several disk array architectures have been proposed to provide high throughput for transaction processing applications. When a single disk in a redundant array fails, the array continues to operate, albeit in a degraded mode with a corresponding reduction in performance. In addition, the lost data must be rebuilt to a spare disk in a timely manner to reduce the probability of permanent data loss. Several researchers have proposed and examined algorithms for rebuilding the failed disk in a disk array with parity.We examine the use of these algorithms to rebuild a mirrored disk array and compare the rebuild time and performance of the RAID5 and mirrored arrays. Redirection of Reads provides comparable average response times and better rebuild times than Piggybacking for a mirrored array, whereas these two algorithms perform similarly for a RAID5 array. In our experiments comparing the two architectures, a mirrored array has more disks than a RAID5 array and can sustain 150% more I/Os per second during the rebuild process. Even if the size of the RAID5 array is increased to match the mirrored array, the mirrored array reduces response times by up to 60% and rebuild times by up to 45%.