Elements of Information Theory (Wiley Series in Telecommunications and Signal Processing)
Elements of Information Theory (Wiley Series in Telecommunications and Signal Processing)
Watermarking Security Incorporating Natural Scene Statistics
Information Hiding
Spread-spectrum watermarking security
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Watermarking security: a survey
Transactions on Data Hiding and Multimedia Security I
Improved spread spectrum: a new modulation technique for robust watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Watermarking security: theory and practice
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Image denoising using scale mixtures of Gaussians in the wavelet domain
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An information fidelity criterion for image quality assessment using natural scene statistics
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Watermarking security has captured great attention from researchers in recent years. The security of watermarking is determined by the difficulty of estimating the secret key used in embedding/detecting schemes. As a widely used scheme, Improved Spread-Spectrum (ISS) watermarking performs better than Additive Spread-Spectrum (Add-SS) and is able to include Add-SS watermarking as a specialized case. Because of its popularity, the investigation on the security of ISS watermarking has been reported. Previous works on evaluating the security of ISS watermarking mainly focus on the assumption of Gaussian host and ignore the effects from the non-Gaussian characteristics of natural images. This paper analyzes the security of ISS watermarking from the viewpoint of Shannon information theory by using Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) model to characterize the natural scene statistics and reveals the relationship between the security and its related factors. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the security of ISS watermarking with the Gaussian host assumption is over-stated in previous work.