FOLKSOMAPS - towards community driven intelligent maps for developing regions
ICTD'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Information and communication technologies and development
Energy-efficient rate-adaptive GPS-based positioning for smartphones
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Engineering location based pathfinding on Indian road networks over low end mobile phones
COMSNETS'10 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on COMmunication systems and NETworks
Towards mobile phone localization without war-driving
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Challenges and novelties while using mobile phones as ICT devices for Indian masses: short paper
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions
Mobile phone location determination and its impact on intelligent transportation systems
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Location is a primary indicator of context and forms the core basis of several context-aware applications. Most common way of getting location information is to use specialized hardware like GPS. However, GPS is expensive and is available only on high-end phones restricting its use to a smaller population in developing countries. Further, GPS also consumes a lot of battery power during its operation, thereby making it infeasible to run for longer durations with limited mobile phone battery. An alternative to GPS-based localization is GSM-based localization that is more suitable for developing countries due to much lower power consumption and ability to run even on low-end phones. Currently available, network-operator independent, GSM-based solutions require building perceptual map of cell towers in a city using war-driving. In this paper, we present a novel low cost GSM-based solution based on Cell Broadcast (CBS) Messages. Location accuracy in our approach does not depend on building extensive cell ID database, typically built using war-driving. We present empirical studies (performed in the sub-city of Dwarka, New Delhi, India) comparing location accuracy of our approach with other GSM-based localization scheme that uses one of the most extensive open source database of cell IDs. We also compare power consumption of our proposed solution with GPS-based localization leading to energy-accuracy tradeoff that can be further exploited for a hybrid solution.