Polling-based media access protocols for use with smart adaptive array antennas
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A wireless sensor network For structural monitoring
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy Scavenging for Mobile and Wireless Electronics
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Trio: enabling sustainable and scalable outdoor wireless sensor network deployments
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Wireless adhoc sensor and actuator networks on the farm
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Power management in energy harvesting sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section LCTES'05
Long-duration solar-powered wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors
Wireless sensor network survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Ad Hoc Networks
A study of MAC schemes for wireless sensor networks powered by ambient energy harvesting
Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Wireless Internet
Leakage-aware energy synchronization for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
A generic model for optimizing single-hop transmission policy of replenishable sensors
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
IEEE Wireless Communications
Collision-minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Two-step multipolling MAC protocol for wireless LANs
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Probabilistic data collection protocols for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
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Energy consumption is a perennial issue in the design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which typically rely on portable sources like batteries for power. Recent advances in ambient energy harvesting technology have made it a potential and promising alternative source of energy for powering WSNs. By using energy harvesters with supercapacitors, WSNs are able to operate perpetually until hardware failure and in places where batteries are hard or impossible to replace. In this paper, we study the performance of different medium access control (MAC) schemes based on CSMA and polling techniques for WSNs which are solely powered by ambient energy harvesting using energy harvesters. We base the study on (i) network throughput (S), which is the rate of sensor data received by the sink, (ii) fairness index (F), which determines whether the bandwidth is allocated to each sensor node equally and (iii) inter-arrival time (@c) which measures the average time difference between two packets from a source node. For CSMA, we compare both the slotted and unslotted variants. For polling, we first consider identity polling. Then we design a probabilistic polling protocol that takes into account the unpredictability of the energy harvesting process to achieve good performance. Finally, we present an optimal polling MAC protocol to determine the theoretical maximum performance. We validate the analytical models using extensive simulations incorporating experimental results from the characterization of different types of energy harvesters. The performance results show that probabilistic polling achieves high throughput and fairness as well as low inter-arrival times.