Closing the loop: a simple distributed method for control over wireless networks
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Maintaining data temporal consistency in distributed real-time systems
Real-Time Systems
Realistic case studies of wireless structural control
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 4th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
A Graph Route-Based Superframe Scheduling Scheme in WirelessHART Mesh Networks for High Robustness
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
The GINSENG system for wireless monitoring and control: Design and deployment experiences
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Near optimal rate selection for wireless control systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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WirelessHART is an open wireless sensor-actuator network standard for industrial process monitoring and control that requires real-time data communication between sensor and actuator devices. Salient features of a WirelessHART network include a centralized network management architecture, multi-channel TDMA transmission, redundant routes, and avoidance of spatial reuse of channels for enhanced reliability and real-time performance. This paper makes several key contributions to real-time transmission scheduling in WirelessHART networks: (1) formulation of the end-to-end real-time transmission scheduling problem based on the characteristics of WirelessHART, (2) proof of NP-hardness of the problem, (3) an optimal branch-and-bound scheduling algorithm based on a necessary condition for schedulability, and (4) an efficient and practical heuristic-based scheduling algorithm called Conflict-aware Least Laxity First (C-LLF). Extensive simulations based on both random topologies and real network topologies of a physical testbed demonstrate that C-LLF is highly effective in meeting end-to-end deadlines in WirelessHART networks, and significantly outperforms common real-time scheduling policies.