WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Unifying textual and visual cues for content-based image retrieval on the World Wide Web
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on content-based access for image and video libraries
Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Diogenes: a web search agent for person images
MULTIMEDIA '00 Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Performance evaluation in content-based image retrieval: overview and proposals
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue on image/video indexing and retrieval
MiAlbum - a system for home photo managemet using the semi-automatic image annotation approach
MULTIMEDIA '00 Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Emergent Semantics through Interaction in Image Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
SmartAlbum: a multi-modal photo annotation system
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
How do people manage their digital photographs?
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Object Recognition as Machine Translation: Learning a Lexicon for a Fixed Image Vocabulary
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Scene-Centered Description from Spatial Envelope Properties
BMCV '02 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision
The Truth about Corel - Evaluation in Image Retrieval
CIVR '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Automatic image annotation and retrieval using cross-media relevance models
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Introduction to MPEG-7: Multimedia Content Description Interface
Introduction to MPEG-7: Multimedia Content Description Interface
A Framework for Benchmarking in CBIR
Multimedia Tools and Applications
WebSeer: An Image Search Engine for the World Wide Web
WebSeer: An Image Search Engine for the World Wide Web
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Detecting image orientation based on low-level visual content
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Automatic organization for digital photographs with geographic coordinates
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Managing Uncertainties in Image Databases: A Fuzzy Approach
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Image Retrieval from the World Wide Web: Issues, Techniques, and Systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Photo Classification by Integrating Image Content and Camera Metadata
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 4 - Volume 04
Leveraging face recognition technology to find and organize photos
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Collaborating around collections: informing the continued development of photoware
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The uses of personal networked digital imaging: an empirical study of cameraphone photos and sharing
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Temporal event clustering for digital photo collections
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Mobile access to personal digital photograph archives
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
Canonical processes of media production
Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Multimedia for human communication: from capture to convey
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Photo LOI: browsing multi-user photo collections
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
My digital photos: where and when?
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Photo-to-search: using multimodal queries to search the web from mobile devices
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Facial Attractiveness: Beauty and the Machine
Neural Computation
Personal vs. commercial content: the similarities between consumer use of photos and music
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Content-based multimedia information retrieval: State of the art and challenges
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Image classification for mobile web browsing
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Generating summaries for large collections of geo-referenced photographs
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Automating Photo Annotation using Services and Ontologies
MDM '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management
The MPEG-21 Book
The Design of High-Level Features for Photo Quality Assessment
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Benchmarking image and video retrieval: an overview
MIR '06 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
A survey of content-based image retrieval with high-level semantics
Pattern Recognition
Clustering and searching WWW images using link and page layout analysis
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Give and take: a study of consumer photo-sharing culture and practice
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Quality measurement for monochrome compressed images in the past 25 years
ICASSP '00 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04
Semantic facets: an in-depth analysis of a semantic image retrieval system
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval
Towards an ecosystem for semantics
Workshop on multimedia information retrieval on The many faces of multimedia semantics
Learning the consensus on visual quality for next-generation image management
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Multimedia
Towards a definition of an Image Ontology
DEXA '07 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
MapReduce: simplified data processing on large clusters
Communications of the ACM - 50th anniversary issue: 1958 - 2008
Image retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Collocated social practices surrounding photos
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Generating diverse and representative image search results for landmarks
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
Classification and annotation of digital photos using optical context data
CIVR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval
CIVR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval
CIVR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval
Real-Time Computerized Annotation of Pictures
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Semantics In Digital Photos: A Contenxtual Analysis
ICSC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing
Annotating photo collections by label propagation according to multiple similarity cues
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Annotating personal albums via web mining
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Lire: lucene image retrieval: an extensible java CBIR library
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Multimodal photo annotation and retrieval on a mobile phone
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Employing a photo's life cycle for multimedia retrieval
MS '08 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Multimedia semantics
PhotoGeo: A Self-Organizing System for Personal Photo Collections
ISM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Tenth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia
iScope: personalized multi-modality image search for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
A Hybrid Image Quality Measure for Automatic Image Quality Assessment
SCIA '09 Proceedings of the 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis
Large-scale multimedia semantic concept modeling using robust subspace bagging and MapReduce
LS-MMRM '09 Proceedings of the First ACM workshop on Large-scale multimedia retrieval and mining
From usage to annotation: analysis of personal photo albums for semantic photo understanding
WSM '09 Proceedings of the first SIGMM workshop on Social media
The role of tags and image aesthetics in social image search
WSM '09 Proceedings of the first SIGMM workshop on Social media
Photo assessment based on computational visual attention model
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Perceptual quality assessment based on visual attention analysis
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Close & closer: social cluster and closeness from photo collections
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
FreeEye: interactive intuitive interface for large-scale image browsing
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Caliph & Emir: MPEG-7 photo annotation and retrieval
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
img(Anaktisi): A Web Content Based Image Retrieval System
SISAP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Workshop on Similarity Search and Applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Learning similarity metrics for event identification in social media
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Requirements for mobile photoware
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Semantic structuring and retrieval of event chapters in social photo collections
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Beyond pixels: Exploiting camera metadata for photo classification
Pattern Recognition
Home photo retrieval: time matters
CIVR'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Image and video retrieval
PhotoMap - automatic spatiotemporal annotation for mobile photos
W2GIS'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Web and wireless geographical information systems
Leveraging ontologies, context and social networks to automate photo annotation
SAMT'07 Proceedings of the semantic and digital media technologies 2nd international conference on Semantic Multimedia
Building a semantic web image repository for biological research images
ESWC'08 Proceedings of the 5th European semantic web conference on The semantic web: research and applications
Bayesian fusion of camera metadata cues in semantic scene classification
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Classification of digital photos taken by photographers or home users
PCM'04 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part I
Automated image annotation using global features and robust nonparametric density estimation
CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Studying aesthetics in photographic images using a computational approach
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Semantic annotation of images and videos for multimedia analysis
ESWC'05 Proceedings of the Second European conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications
OTM'05 Proceedings of the 2005 OTM Confederated international conference on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: CoopIS, COA, and ODBASE - Volume Part II
Automatic person annotation of family photo album
CIVR'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Browsing personal images using episodic memory (time + location)
ECIR'06 Proceedings of the 28th European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval
Automated event clustering and quality screening of consumer pictures for digital albuming
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Image quality assessment based on a degradation model
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Generic and specific object recognition for semantic retrieval of images
KES'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems - Volume Part I
Semantic retrieval of images by learning from wikipedia
KES'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems - Volume Part IV
Signature-image-based event analysis for personal photo albums
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Personalizing automated image annotation using cross-entropy
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital Libraries
Discovering inherent event taxonomies from social media collections
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Concurrent photo sequence organization
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Semantic understanding of images has been an important topic in the research community for a long time as it is an important prerequisite to build meaningful retrieval systems which are accessible by both users and automatic reasoning algorithms. Recently, especially with the growing trend to share photos online, the social aspect of image retrieval becomes more and more prevalent and image retrieval more and more focusses specifically on photos and their special characteristics, especially on information outside the image itself. Researchers are starting to explore how and why photos are shot, shared and used and try to incorporate this additional knowledge to aid image analysis and retrieval. Several survey papers have been written in the past reviewing works in the general field of image analysis and retrieval. However, the social aspect of image retrieval and the focus on digital photos has not sufficiently been addressed in these works. In this article we give an overview over the current research field of semantic photo understanding, annotation and retrieval. We review over 160 contributions in the field and identify trending topics and implications for future directions of research.