IBM Journal of Research and Development
Toward an integrative software infrastructure for water management in the smarter planet
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Toward an integrative software infrastructure for water management in the smarter planet
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions
Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times
Smart cities and service integration
Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times
Smart city as urban innovation: focusing on management, policy, and context
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
Smart cities and service integration initiatives in North American cities: a status report
Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research
Transforming city government: a case study of Philly311
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
Towards Standard M2M APIs for Cloud-based Telco Service Platforms
Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia
Governing big data: principles and practices
IBM Journal of Research and Development
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This paper describes the information technology (IT) foundation and principles for Smarter Cities™. Smarter Cities are urban areas that exploit operational data, such as that arising from traffic congestion, power consumption statistics, and public safety events, to optimize the operation of city services. The foundational concepts are instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent. Instrumented refers to sources of near-real-time real-world data from both physical and virtual sensors. Interconnected means the integration of those data into an enterprise computing platform and the communication of such information among the various city services. Intelligent refers to the inclusion of complex analytics, modeling, optimization, and visualization in the operational business processes to make better operational decisions. This approach enables the adaptation of city services to the behavior of the inhabitants, which permits the optimal use of the available physical infrastructure and resources, for example, in sensing and controlling consumption of energy and water, managing waste processing and transportation systems, and applying optimization to achieve new efficiencies among these resources. Additional roles exist in intelligent interaction between the city and its inhabitants and further contribute to operational efficiency while maintaining or enhancing quality of life.