Modeling and forecasting the information sciences
Information Sciences: an International Journal - Special issue on information sciences—past, present, and future
A generic platform for addressing the multimodal challenge
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
“Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Affective multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Multimodal human-computer interaction: A survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Analysis of emotion recognition is a young but maturing research field, for which there is an emerging need for engineering models and in particular design models. Addressing these engineering challenges of emotion recognition, we reuse and adapt results from the research field of multimodal interaction, since the expression of an emotion is intrinsically multimodal. In this paper, we refine the definition of an interaction modality for the case of passive emotion recognition. We also study the combination of modalities by applying the CARE properties. We highlight the benefits of our design model for emotion recognition.