Music score alignment and computer accompaniment
Communications of the ACM - Music information retrieval
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
Computer Music Journal
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Real-time audio-to-score alignment using particle filter for coplayer music robots
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on musical applications of real-time signal processing
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Our goal is to achieve a musical ensemble among a robot and human musicians where the robot listens to the music with its own microphones. The main issues are (1) robust beat-tracking since the robot hears its own generated sounds in addition to the accompanied music, and (2) robust synchronizing its performance with the accompanied music even if humans' musical performance fluctuates. This paper presents a music-ensemble Thereminist robot implemented on the humanoid HRP- 2 with the following three functions: (1) self-generated Theremin sound suppression by semi-blind Independent Component Analysis, (2) beat tracking robust against tempo fluctuation in humans' performance, and (3) feedforward control of Theremin pitch. Experimental results with a human drummer show the capability of this robot for the adaptation to the temporal fluctuation in his performance.