An Efficient Algorithm for Partial Order Production

  • Authors:
  • Jean Cardinal;Samuel Fiorini;Gwenaël Joret;Raphaël M. Jungers;J. Ian Munro

  • Affiliations:
  • jcardin@ulb.ac.be and sfiorini@ulb.ac.be and gjoret@ulb.ac.be;-;-;raphael.jungers@uclouvain.be;imunro@uwaterloo.ca

  • Venue:
  • SIAM Journal on Computing
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

We consider the problem of partial order production: arrange the elements of an unknown totally ordered set $T$ into a target partially ordered set $S$ by comparing a minimum number of pairs in $T$. Special cases include sorting by comparisons, selection, multiple selection, and heap construction. We give an algorithm performing $ITLB+o(ITLB)+O(n)$ comparisons in the worst case. Here, $n$ denotes the size of the ground sets, and $ITLB$ denotes a natural information-theoretic lower bound on the number of comparisons needed to produce the target partial order. Our approach is to replace the target partial order by a weak order (that is, a partial order with a layered structure) extending it, without increasing the information-theoretic lower bound too much. We then solve the problem by applying an efficient multiple selection algorithm. The overall complexity of our algorithm is polynomial. This answers a question of Yao [SIAM J. Comput., 18 (1989), pp. 679-689]. We base our analysis on the entropy of the target partial order, a quantity that can be efficiently computed and provides a good estimate of the information-theoretic lower bound.