BlinkWrite: efficient text entry using eye blinks

Authors:
I. Scott MacKenzie;Behrooz Ashtiani
Affiliations:
York University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 4700 Keele Street, M3J 1P3, Toronto, ON, Canada;York University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 4700 Keele Street, M3J 1P3, Toronto, ON, Canada
Venue:
Universal Access in the Information Society
Year:
2011

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Automatic classification of eye blink types using a frame-splitting method

EPCE'13 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: understanding human cognition - Volume Part I

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Abstract

In this paper, a new text entry system is proposed, implemented, and evaluated. BlinkWrite provides a communication gateway for cognitively able motor-impaired individuals who cannot use a traditional eye-tracking system. In contrast to most hands-free systems, BlinkWrite allows text to be entered and corrected using a single input modality: blinks. The system was implemented using a scanning ambiguous keyboard, a new form of scanning keyboard that allows English text to be entered in less than two scanning intervals per character. In a user study, 12 participants entered text using the system with three settings for scanning interval: 1,000, 850, and 700 ms. An average text entry rate of 4.8 wpm was observed with accuracy 97%. The highest average text entry rate was achieved with the scanning interval of 850 ms.