Information hiding: steganography and watermarking—attacks and countermeasures
Information hiding: steganography and watermarking—attacks and countermeasures
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Genetic fingerprinting for copyright protection of multicast media
Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications - Special Issue on Bio-Inspired Information Hiding; Guest editors: Jeng-Shyang Pan, Ajith Abraham
The optimized copyright protection system with genetic watermarking
Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications - Special Issue on Bio-Inspired Information Hiding; Guest editors: Jeng-Shyang Pan, Ajith Abraham
Wet paper codes with improved embedding efficiency
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Matrix embedding for large payloads
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Data hiding in binary image for authentication and annotation
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Pattern-Based Data Hiding for Binary Image Authentication by Connectivity-Preserving
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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Improving embedding efficiency is important for watermarking with large payloads. In this paper, we propose a coding scheme named Minority codes by observing the relationship between the populations and positions of the binary bits in a sequence whose length is an odd number. In such a sequence, there is always a bit value, whose population is minority. We observe that the positions of the minority bit in two complement sequences are the same. By using this property, we create Minority codes whose codebook is composed of a pair of complement sequences for each entry. Minority codes can be combined with watermarking algorithms to improve embedding efficiency, because we can always identify the codeword that causes fewer embedding changes according to the host image and the watermarking method. The performance of Minority codes is analyzed theoretically and supported experimentally. The complexity of Minority codes is quite low and suitable for large payloads.