Towards enhanced key management in multi-phase ZigBee network architecture
Computer Communications
Enhancing the attacking efficiency of the node capture attack in WSN: a matrix approach
The Journal of Supercomputing
Mobile Networks and Applications
A Role Based Privacy-Aware Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes eventually die due to battery depletion. WSNs in which new nodes are periodically redeployed with certain intervals, called generations, to replace the dead nodes are called multi-phase WSNs. In the literature, there are several key predistribution schemes proposed for secure operation of WSNs. However, these schemes are designed for single-phase networks which are not resilient against continuous node capture attacks; even under temporary attacks on the network, the harm caused by the attacker does not heal in time. However, the periodic deployments in multi-phase sensor networks could be utilized to improve the resiliency of the WSNs by deploying nodes with fresh keys. In the literature, there is limited work done in this area. In this paper, we propose a key predistribution scheme for multi-phase WSNs which is resilient under node capture attacks. In our scheme, called random generation material (RGM) key predistribution scheme, each generation of deployment has its own random keying material and pairwise keys are established between node pairs of particular generations. These keys are specific to these generations. Therefore, a captured node cannot be abused to obtain keys of other generations. We compare the performance of our RGM scheme with a well-known multi-phase key predistribution scheme and show that RGM achieves up to 3-fold more resiliency. Even under heavy attacks, our scheme's resiliency performance is 35 % better in steady state.