An Architecture for Integrating UMTS and 802.11 WLAN Networks
ISCC '03 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Computers and Communications
Vertical Handoff Performance in Heterogeneous Networks
ICPPW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops
A Practical Approach for 4G Systems: Deployment of Overlay Networks
TRIDENTCOM '05 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the DEvelopment of NeTworks and COMmunities
Architecture for 3G and 802.16 Wireless Networks Integration with QoS Support
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks
Supplementary Interworking Architecture for Hybrid Data Networks (UMTS-WiMAX)
ICCGI '06 Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology
An Efficient Handover Algorithm for MBMS Enabled 3G Mobile Cellular Networks
ISCC '06 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) Handover and Packet Data Performance Analysis
ICDT '07 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications
UMTS Network Planning, Optimization, and Inter-Operation with GSM
UMTS Network Planning, Optimization, and Inter-Operation with GSM
Seamless continuity of PS-services in WLAN/3G interworking
Computer Communications
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Handover management architectures in integrated WLAN/cellular networks
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Comparison of IP micromobility protocols
IEEE Wireless Communications
WLAN-GPRS integration for next-generation mobile data networks
IEEE Wireless Communications
A new method to support UMTS/WLAN vertical handover using SCTP
IEEE Wireless Communications
IEEE Wireless Communications
IEEE Wireless Communications
IEEE Wireless Communications
Analysis of SIP-based mobility management in 4G wireless networks
Computer Communications
IEEE Communications Magazine
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The demands for accessing services at high data rates while on the move, anyplace and anytime, resulted in numerous research efforts to integrate heterogeneous wireless and mobile networks. The focus was mainly put on the integration of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and the wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11, which is beneficial in terms of capacity, coverage and cost. With the advent of IEEE 802.16(e) the attention of the research community was shifted to its interworking, on one side, with complementary WLANs, and on the other, with UMTS for extra capacity. In addition, there has been also research on UMTS interworking with different broadcasting systems, including the Digital Video Broadcasting system for handheld devices (DVB-H). All these research activities resulted in various heterogeneous architectures where the interworking was performed at different levels in the network. In this article, we address the integration at the UMTS radio access level, known also as very tight coupling. This integration approach exhibits good vertical handover performance and may allow for seamless session continuity during the handover. However, it is a technology specific solution, where not all the mechanisms applied to the integration of one wireless technology can be straightforwardly reused for embedding another. This integration approach introduces various modifications to UMTS that have to be standardized, which makes it a long-term solution. We present here the general architecture for the integration at the UMTS radio access level and discuss the extension of the architectural framework for various types of access systems with as few as possible additional modifications. The focus of the work is put on the vertical handovers. We discuss various vertical handovers among WCDMA, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16e and DVB-H in the considered heterogeneous architecture. We present new handover types, describe the vertical handover procedures and provide performance evaluation of the vertical handovers in different scenarios and for different combinations of the wireless access technologies.