Security problems in the TCP/IP protocol suite
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Characteristics of fragmented IP traffic on internet links
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
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IP spoofing is one of the most common forms of on-line disguise. Hackers have long employed the tactic of disguising their true identity. It exploits the security weaknesses in TCP/IP protocol suite. This paper evaluates basic techniques to exploit vulnerabilities of TCP/IP protocol suite such as initial sequence number prediction and forging the source address. This paper covers certain threats and attack methods that employ IP spoofing and analyze preventive measures such as ingress and egress filtering at routers, authentication and encryption.