An analysis of BGP convergence properties
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Delayed Internet routing convergence
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Stable internet routing without global coordination
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The stable paths problem and interdomain routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Internet Routing Architectures
Internet Routing Architectures
BGP4: Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet
BGP4: Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet
Route flap damping exacerbates internet routing convergence
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Policy Disputes in Path-Vector Protocols
ICNP '99 Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Network Protocols
An Experimental Analysis of BGP Convergence Time
ICNP '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols
Efficient large-scale BGP simulations
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Network modelling and simulation
Internet resiliency to attacks and failures under BGP policy routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
On interdomain routing security and pretty secure BGP (psBGP)
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
A fractional model of the border gateway protocol (BGP)
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Large-scale testing of the Internet's Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) via topological scale-down
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
On understanding transient interdomain routing failures
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An Online Mechanism for BGP Instability Detection and Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Computers
An analysis of convergence delay in path vector routing protocols
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A survey of security techniques for the border gateway protocol (BGP)
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
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Border gateway protocol (BGP), the de facto standard used for interdomain routing, is a key enabler for interconnecting largely autonomous IP-subnetwork domains into large IP-networks. Since data transfer may not be possible until stable routes are learned, it is not only critical for BGP to converge after any policy or topology changes, but it is important that the convergence be rapid. Unfortunately, the distributed and asynchronous nature of BGP in conjunction with local policies makes it difficult to analyze, particularly with respect to convergence behavior. We present a novel model which, to our knowledge, is the first one to permit analysis of convergence in the aggregate (i.e., over all message exchange orders between routers regarding route advertisements), rather than worst case behavior. We introduce the notion of probabilistic safety as requiring the probability of convergence to be 1. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition characterizing probabilistic safety that shows that probabilistic safety accommodates BGP configurations whose potential divergence stems solely from pathological message sequences. More generally, we show how to compute for any BGP configuration its probability of convergence. For probabilistically safe configurations, we present procedures for computing their expected time to converge as well as the probability distribution on their convergence times. The ability to compute these quantitative characteristics makes our work ''constructive'' and provides the basis for further understanding and deriving procedures for optimizing network characteristics. Finally, we simulate behavior of several networks and verify the consistency between our analysis and the simulations.