Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems
Science of Computer Programming
Evolving behaviour trees for the commercial game DEFCON
EvoApplicatons'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation - Volume Part I
Model-based design of computer-controlled game character behavior
MODELS'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
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Designing an interesting AI for a computer game is a complex undertaking, providing motivation to reuse portions of successful AIs. Here we advocate a layered Statechart-based AI as a modular approach that simplifies reuse. We analyze Statechart interactions and communications with respect to AI design, and propose an interface for Statechart-based AI modules that summarizes interactions. Reuse is accomplished by adding and removing modules to a new AI, largely enabled through event-renaming to ensure coherence with the interfaces. We describe an approach to module composition using functional groups, which allow for the encapsulation of high level behaviours (e.g., fleeing or exploring). This enables a designer to compose new AIs by assigning high-level behaviours. Additionally, the interface describes interactions with the game at-large, leading naturally to portability between games and even implementation languages. Finally, we look ahead to the requirements for a tool that would implement these ideas.