RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification
RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification
A prototype on RFID and sensor networks for elder healthcare: progress report
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis
Novel Anti-collision Algorithms for Fast Object Identification in RFID System
ICPADS '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Workshops - Volume 02
An Enhanced Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithm for RFID Tag Identification
MOBIQUITOUS '05 Proceedings of the The Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services
HiQ: A Hierarchical Q-Learning Algorithm to Solve the Reader Collision Problem
SAINT-W '06 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet Workshops
Designing and Modeling Smart Environments (Invited Paper)
WOWMOM '06 Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks
A Reader Anti-collision MAC Protocol for Dense Reader RFID System
CMC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 02
Array-based reader anti-collision scheme for highly efficient RFID network applications
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
Introducing Probability in RFID Reader-to-Reader Anti-collision
NCA '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications
On alleviating reader collisions towards high efficient RFID systems
ATC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic and trusted computing
Probabilistic DCS: An RFID reader-to-reader anti-collision protocol
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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The primary aim of any anti-collision protocols is to identify tags quickly, as doing so ensures that a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) reader incurs minimal energy wastage and achieves high identification rate. To date, researchers have proposed various protocols to minimize tag collisions and idle slots-key factors that determine a reader's read rate and energy expenditure. Most of these protocols, however, are designed for single reader systems. To this end, we propose E^2MAC, an energy efficient, distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for identifying and monitoring tags in RFID-enhanced wireless sensor networks. E^2MAC exploits the low power capability of a ultra-wideband transceiver and distinct pulses to address the reader collision problem. In addition, it uses ResMon, an enhanced dynamic frame slotted Aloha protocol to read and monitor tags. Lastly, E^2MAC uses a novel load balancing algorithm to amortize the cost of reading and monitoring tags to multiple readers. These E^2MAC features ensure that the contention level at each reader is kept at a minimum and distributed fairly. As a result, E^2MAC has a high reading rate and low energy consumption. In addition, E^2MAC helps in minimizing the impact of the tag orientation problem, where a tag becomes unreadable if its antenna is parallel to a reader's field lines. In particular, the use of multiple readers increases spatial diversity and hence increases the likelihood that a tag is readable by at least one reader. Our simulation results show E^2MAC to have very low energy consumption, reading delay and per-reader collision. More importantly, system designers have the flexibility to lower these metrics further with additional readers, bigger frame sizes, or by dividing tags into small groups.