Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems)
A Computational Model of Culture-Specific Conversational Behavior
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Culture-specific communication management for virtual agents
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
Uncertainty in Spoken Dialogue Management
Proceedings of the 2010 conference on Human Language Technologies -- The Baltic Perspective: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference Baltic HLT 2010
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This paper concerns the different ways in which hesitation, and hesitation related phenomena like uncertainty, doubt and other phenomena where lack of knowledge is involved are expressed in different cultures. The paper focuses especially on shoulder shrugging as a signal of hesitation or uncertainty, and starts from the observation that shoulder shrugging has different interpretations depending on the interlocutor's cultural background. It is not commonly used in Eastern cultures while in Western cultures it is a sign of uncertainty and ignorance. The paper reports a small study on the differences in interpretation of a particular video tape gesture, and draws some preliminary conclusions of how this affects intercultural communication between human interlocutors and between humans and conversational agents.