Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Minimum energy paths for reliable communication in multi-hop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Asynchronous cooperative diversity
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Energy-efficient broadcasting with cooperative transmissions in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Energy aware power allocation strategies for multihop-cooperative transmission schemes
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
On broadcasting with cooperative diversity in multi-hop wireless networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
On the power efficiency of cooperative broadcast in dense wireless networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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An opportunistic large array (OLA) is a form of cooperative diversity in which a large group of relays or forwarding nodes operate without any mutual coordination, but naturally fire together in response to energy received from a single source or another OLA. When used for broadcast, OLAs form concentric rings around the source, and have been shown to use less transmit energy than conventional multi-hop protocols during broadcasting. The OLA concentric routing algorithm (OLACRA) and its variants, the main contributions of this paper, leverage the concentric ring structure of the OLAs during the initialization phase to limit the node participation on the upstream connection. For the simulation scenarios considered in this paper, OLACRA is shown to save over 80% of the transmit energy relative to other OLA-based schemes. This paper analyzes the performance of OLACRA over 'deterministic channels' or non-faded orthogonal channels and on 'diversity' or Rayleigh flat-fading channels with limited orthogonality. Enhancements to OLACRA to further improve its energy efficiency by limited broadcasting in the initial upstream level and limiting the downlink 'step-sizes' are also considered. A simple contention avoidance scheme for WSNs with multiple flows is also proposed. In addition to this, the robustness of OLACRA over mobile channels is also studied. The protocols are tested using Monte Carlo evaluation.