On the error distribution for randomly-shifted lattice rules

  • Authors:
  • Pierre L'Ecuyer;Bruno Tuffin

  • Affiliations:
  • DIRO, Université de Montreal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada;INRIA Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France

  • Venue:
  • Winter Simulation Conference
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

Randomized quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) methods estimate the expectation of a random variable by the average of n dependent realizations of it. In general, due to the strong dependence, the estimation error may not obey a central limit theorem. Analysis of RQMC methods have so far focused mostly on the convergence rates of asymptotic worst-case error bounds and variance bounds, when n → ∞, but little is known about the limiting distribution of the error. Here we examine this limiting distribution for the special case of a randomly-shifted lattice rule, when the integrand is smooth. We start with simple one-dimensional functions, where we show that the limiting distribution is uniform over a bounded interval if the integrand is non-periodic, and has a square root form over a bounded interval if the integrand is periodic. In higher dimensions, for linear functions, the distribution function of the properly standardized error converges to a spline of degree equal to the dimension.